Updated at 6:01 p.m. ET
Scott Pruitt will no longer lead the Environmental Protection Agency, President Trump announced Thursday afternoon via Twitter.
"I have accepted the resignation of Scott Pruitt," Trump tweeted. "Within the Agency Scott has done an outstanding job, and I will always be thankful to him for this," Trump also wrote.
The president also said that on Monday, Andrew Wheeler will "assume duties as the acting Administrator of the EPA."
"I have no doubt that Andy will continue on with our great and lasting EPA agenda. We have made tremendous progress and the future of the EPA is very bright!" Trump said.
In his resignation letter, obtained by NPR, Pruitt informed Trump he was leaving his post "effective as of July 6." Pruitt also wrote, "The unrelenting attacks on me personally, my family, are unprecedented and have taken a sizable toll on all of us."
Pruitt was among the most controversial of Trump's original Cabinet-level picks. He embodied the administration's broad support for the fossil fuel industry and its disdain for climate science. Since then, he has attracted the attention of Congress and the EPA's inspector general for a wide range of potential ethics violations that hinged on misusing his power and spending far more taxpayer money than his predecessors had on travel and security expenses.
As investigations piled up, multiple close aides and EPA staffers resigned from the agency, and support among congressional Republicans slowly weakened.
Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One on Thursday, Trump said Pruitt "came to me and said, he said, 'I have such great confidence in the administration. I don't want to be a distraction.' And I think Scott felt that he was a distraction."
The president added that the choice to resign was Pruitt's.
Pruitt came to the EPA from Oklahoma, where he spent years as the state's attorney general attacking the federal agency he would eventually run. With other Republican attorneys general, he sued the EPA to stop ozone and methane emissions rules and block regulations on coal-fired power plants.
Throughout his career, he has publicly questioned climate change and whether it is caused by greenhouse gas emissions.
The man taking the reins of the EPA, Deputy Administrator Wheeler, is a former coal lobbyist and senior Senate staffer.
Ethics questions and investigations
While Pruitt's environmental policies were controversial, it was his spending and attempts to use the position for personal gain that resulted in more than a dozen investigations.
Several patterns were quickly established, including unusually high spending on his office and travel and continually mixing his personal and professional lives.
The EPA spent about $43,000 on a soundproof phone booth for the administrator's office, and The Washington Post reported that Pruitt spent thousands of dollars on first-class plane tickets. The New York Times reported that Pruitt's chief of security proposed that Pruitt spend $70,000 on two desks, one of them bulletproof. The desks were not purchased.
Pruitt cited security threats as one reason for the first-class travel, and he spent tens of thousands of dollars on a publicly funded, 24-hour security detail, which his office said was necessary to protect him. Pruitt's security detail reportedly accompanied him on personal trips, including a family vacation to Disneyland. In August 2017, the EPA's Office of the Inspector General began investigating Pruitt's travel and security expenses and has widened the investigation multiple times.
Pruitt aides also sought to protect their boss from questions and to help his wife pursue business deals, according to New York Times and Washington Post analyses of thousands of internal emails released to the Sierra Club under the Freedom of Information Act.
According to CNN, Pruitt broke with a tradition set by past EPA administrators and kept a secret, nonpublic calendar to hide meetings with industry representatives and controversial figures. Just minutes before Trump's tweet announcing Pruitt's resignation, the Times reported that a Pruitt staffer had been fired after questioning the deletions from the public schedule. At public appearances, EPA staff often told reporters and citizens that the administrator would only answer pre-planned questions, the Times reported.
Chick-fil-A, industry lobbyists
In May 2017, a scheduler for Pruitt reached out to the chief executive of the restaurant chain Chick-fil-A about setting up a meeting to discuss a "potential business opportunity," the Post reported. Another EPA official reached out on Pruitt's behalf to conservative political groups to ask about potential job opportunities for Pruitt's wife, Marlyn Pruitt, who eventually landed a temporary position as an independent contractor for a conservative advocacy group.
In April, the Office of Government Ethics published a letter in which acting director and general counsel David Apol wrote that some of Pruitt's actions, including the use of his subordinates' time, "do raise concerns about whether the Administrator is using public office for personal gain in violation of ethics rules" and "raise concerns about whether the Administrator misused his position."
As administrator, Pruitt also maintained close relationships with energy industry lobbyists and executives. He rented a room in a Washington, D.C., condominium owned by the wife of a prominent lobbyist, J. Steven Hart, who represented, among others, a liquefied natural gas company that stands to profit from Pruitt's push to increase American gas exports, The Daily Beast reported. Hart also represented other companies with business before the EPA.
In an April interview on Fox News, Pruitt incorrectly stated, "Mr. Hart has no clients that have business before this agency."
Under the rental agreement, Pruitt paid $50 for each night he spent at the condo, which Pruitt described as "like an Airbnb situation." In an initial statement, an EPA lawyer defended the lease agreement, saying it was "consistent with federal ethics regulations regarding gifts" but noted later in a memo obtained by CNN that he had not reviewed whether Pruitt was adhering to the lease's terms after an ABC News report that his daughter may have stayed in another room at the condo.
Pruitt also came under fire for enriching political appointees at the agency. The Atlantic reported that in March, Pruitt circumvented the normal bureaucratic process to approve substantial pay increases for two EPA staffers after the White House refused to sign off on the raises. Both aides later resigned. One later told House investigators that she was routinely asked to do personal tasks for Pruitt, including one instance in which she called the Trump International Hotel in Washington, D.C., to ask about purchasing a used mattress.
Pruitt said he did not know about the salary increases until after they were granted, although in later congressional testimony, he said he knew they were happening but not the amounts.
Earlier this year, the EPA inspector general announced it was auditing Pruitt's use of so-called administratively determined positions. He had used that provision to hire Nancy Beck, a longtime executive at the largest U.S. chemical industry lobbying group, to oversee toxic chemical regulation for the EPA.
Trump support
As Pruitt's ethical problems deepened, he lost support from congressional Republicans and influential conservatives.
As reports of Pruitt's conduct continually surfaced, Republican senators grew weary of defending him, saying they agreed with his policies but not his conduct.
"He is acting like a moron, and he needs to stop it," said Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., last month on CNN.
Pruitt is "about as swampy as you get here," said Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa, who also said Pruitt was insufficiently supportive of ethanol fuel, a major industry in Iowa.
Prominent conservative talk show host Laura Ingraham repeatedly called for Pruitt's firing. "It just doesn't look good. If you want to drain the swamp, you got to have people in it who forgo personal benefits and don't send your aides around doing personal errands on the taxpayer dime, otherwise you make everyone else look bad," said Ingraham on her radio show in June. And on Tuesday on Twitter, Ingraham suggested it was time for Pruitt to go.
Although multiple White House staff reportedly asked Trump to remove Pruitt, the EPA chief was able to hold on in part because he built a strong rapport with the president over their shared dislike of the media.
"Scott Pruitt is doing a great job within the walls of the EPA. I mean, we're setting records," said Trump in June. "Outside, he's being attacked very viciously by the press. And I'm not saying that he's blameless, but we'll see what happens."
Deregulatory agenda
As head of the EPA, Pruitt focused on taking the agency "back to basics," which he described as clean air and clean water policies, and asking state and local governments to take more responsibility for enforcing environmental regulations. He worked with the White House to undercut or begin rolling back many of the Obama administration's signature environmental policies, including leaving the Paris climate accord, reversing a sweeping rule that designated which bodies of water are subject to federal authority, and moving to repeal the Clean Power Plan regulation of carbon dioxide emissions. During his tenure, many climate change documents and pages were removed from the agency's website.
Pruitt also created a task force to expedite cleanup plans for some of the most contaminated sites in the country, a move that was cautiously supported by environmental groups frustrated by understaffing of the Superfund program under previous administrations. However, the task force proved to be opaque about its decision-making process, and Pruitt did not allocate additional funds to the program. This spring, the man in charge of overseeing Superfund cleanups abruptly stepped down.
The EPA also said it would weaken fleet-wide fuel economy standards, rolling back Obama-era limits meant to nearly double the average fuel economy for cars and SUVs to more than 50 miles per gallon by 2025. "I am determining that those standards are inappropriate and should be revised," Pruitt announced, flanked by leaders of three auto industry trade groups at a press conference. "I just want to say, first and foremost to you in the auto sector, thank you for your leadership. Thank you for the difference you've made on behalf of the environment."
California is leading a coalition of 17 states suing the EPA over the planned change in efficiency standards, arguing that a weakened rule would violate the Clean Air Act. Automobile emissions and transportation currently account for more than a quarter of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions.
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