The U.S. border with Mexico used to run straight through Colorado. The U.S. took over the southwestern part of the country after it waged a war with Mexico in the 1840s. The pieces of paper that ended that war and created the region we live in and know today is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. You can see pages from the treaty at History Colorado Center starting February 3, 2023, through May 22.
Colorado Matters discusses this history with Nicki Gonzales, who studies the borderlands and is a former Colorado state historian. She is now vice provost at Regis University. Also, Nick Saenz, professor of history at Adams State University in Alamosa.